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Don't have an account? Forgot Password? Not an Irish Times subscriber? A barrister born in Ballina, Co Mayo, she was educated at Trinity College Dublin, where she was Reid professor of criminal law at the age of Elected on the TCD panel to the Seanad in , she championed many liberal causes. She held the seat until She resigned from the party over the Anglo Irish Agreement, which she opposed.
In Labour proposed her for the presidency. In she became pro-vice chancellor at the university. In she was elected, unopposed, for a second term. Please update your payment details to keep enjoying your Irish Times subscription.
Most Viewed. Watch More Videos. Coronavirus Explore our guides to help you through the pandemic. Latest News. Richard Ratcliffe to end hunger strike for wife Nazanin after 21 days For example, the Government must approve all Presidential communications, messages or addresses, both to the Oireachtas the Irish parliament and to the public.
As a representative of the Irish people, the President makes State visits abroad and receives other Heads of State on visits to Ireland. The role also includes receiving the credentials of foreign diplomats accredited to Ireland, undertaking a wide range of public engagements , and organising awards such as the Gaisce and the Centenarian Bounty.
Under Article 13 1 of the Constitution , the President has an important role in appointing people to various offices of State. The Government nominates judges for the various courts throughout the State and the President then appoints them.
Officers in the Defence Forces hold commissions from the President. Under the Defence Act , the Government exercises military command through the Minister for Defence, who manages and controls the Defence Forces.
This power might be used in an emergency situation. It has never been exercised to date. At the meeting of either or both Houses of the Oireachtas, the President may communicate a message or address on any matter of national or public importance. The message or address must first be approved by the Government.
When a Bill , a proposal for legislation, has been passed by both Houses of the Oireachtas, it is presented to the President for signature. It will only become law when the President has signed it. In general, the President must sign a Bill on the fifth, sixth or seventh day after it is presented. Under Article 26 of the Constitution, the President can decide to refer a Bill to the Supreme Court within 7 days of receiving it to determine whether or not the Bill conflicts with the Constitution.
The President must first consult with the Council of State, but the decision to refer the Bill is the President's alone. If the Supreme Court holds that the Bill is unconstitutional , the President cannot sign it. However, if the Court holds that the Bill is constitutional, the President signs the Bill and it becomes law. In this situation, under Article 34 of the Constitution , the constitutionality of this legislation or of any part of it cannot be challenged at a later stage.
The power of referral to the Supreme Court has been used several times — see decisions on supremecourt. Before the Constitution can be amended, both Houses of the Oireachtas must pass a Bill to amend it. The Irish people must then approve the Bill in a constitutional referendum. If the Bill is approved in a referendum, the President must then sign it so that the Constitution can be amended.
The President has 2 further powers in relation to legislation, which have never been exercised to date.
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